Meskwakian) and “SNEA” = Southern New England Algonquian Powhatan is an alternative name for Virginia Algonquian. The expansion and westward movement of certain groups, particularly Ojibwe, Cree, and Cheyenne speakers, is also anachronistic, and they were all further east and more geographically constrained in the 17th and 18th centuries. The map is roughly based on the location of speakers at time of first contact with Europeans, but since the date of contact varied greatly in different areas, it is unavoidably anachronistic in combining locations from multiple different time periods. There are, however, numerous efforts underway to both pass the surviving languages on to the next generations, as well as to revive a number of the languages which have already become extinct-or, hopefully, merely dormant! Map of approximate locations of Algonquian languages, plus Wiyot and Yurok, on which see below. ![]() The remaining languages range from significantly to critically endangered. The only relatively healthy (though still endangered) languages-with sizeable numbers of speakers and still being learned and actively used by most children-are many varieties of Cree-Innu, some varieties of Ojibwe, and perhaps Kickapoo. The Algonquian language family consists of roughly 35 to 40 languages, depending on how one counts, most of which are now either extinct, moribund, or seriously endangered. Word Shapes and Distributional Restrictions.7, and Pentland 1999:245-255) and in the order in which they must apply. I’ve also provided a fairly long, though by no means exhaustive, list of (morpho)phonological rules operative in PA-both because of their relevance for later sound changes and analogical reshapings, and because I’m not aware of any place where they’ve all been listed together in quite this fashion (though many are discussed in Pentland 1979a, ch. For those issues that are uncontroversial I’ve tried to give a quick overview where there’s substantial disagreement on a topic or where my views diverge from the dominant one I’ve provided more extensive commentary. Little of what is here is new, and in particular the post draws very heavily (as should hopefully be obvious, although I didn’t inline cite everything) from the work of the two most preeminent comparative Algonquianists, Ives Goddard and David Pentland. We’ll begin simply by covering Proto-Algonquian itself. In some places, the slang for them is banana – yellow on the outside and white on the inside.This post will be the first in a series examining the evolution of Proto-Algonquian (PA) to its daughter languages. For example, many Chinese-Americans don’t speak Mandarin. ![]() The problem starts when these kids return ‘home’ – the country of their ethnicity. Second-generation children in New York City are far better adapted to NYC culture than their parents. For many, this is a coping mechanism, helping them feel like a better-fitting piece inside their new homes. Often second or third-generation migrants, many Indians who grew up outside of India don’t necessarily reflect their cultural underpinnings – be it the language, accent or mannerisms of their parents and grandparents. ![]() ‘What’s brown on the outside and white on the inside? Coconut!’, is a common trope used on people of South Asian origin. Filled with racial overtones, they stereotype people from diverse backgrounds by thinking in colours. Coconut, Banana, Twinkie! These terms don’t refer to their edible counterparts but are slang terms for Indians, Chinese, and Native-Americans who have lost aspects of their indigenous culture.
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